Triggering the Innate Antiviral Response through IRF-3 Activation

IRF 3 - mediated innate immune response through degradation of activated

3 Huifang Zhu 1, , Chunfu Zheng 1, #, *, Junji Xing , Shuai Wang , Shuping Li , Rongtuan 4 Lin , and Karen L. Mossman 4 5 6 1 Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, State Key Laboratory of 7 Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 China. 8 2 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First 9 Affiliated H...

Antiviral Immunity against Dengue Virus The Roles of IRF-3 and IRF-7 in Innate

Induction of IFN-β and the Innate Antiviral Response in Myeloid Cells Occurs through an IPS-1-Dependent Signal That Does Not Require IRF-3 and IRF-7

Interferon regulatory factors (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 are master transcriptional factors that regulate type I IFN gene (IFN-alpha/beta) induction and innate immune defenses after virus infection. Prior studies in mice with single deletions of the IRF-3 or IRF-7 genes showed increased vulnerability to West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Whereas mice and cells lacking IRF-7 showed reduced IFN-alpha levels...

Ubiquitin in the activation and attenuation of innate antiviral immunity

Viral infection activates danger signals that are transmitted via the retinoic acid-inducible gene 1-like receptor (RLR), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) protein signaling cascades. This places host cells in an antiviral posture by up-regulating antiviral cytokines including type-I interferon (IFN-I). Ubiquitin modifications and cross-...

SHIP prevents lipopolysaccharide from triggering an antiviral response in mice.

Gram-negative bacterial infections, unlike viral infections, do not typically protect against subsequent viral infections. This is puzzling given that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded (ds) RNA both activate the TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon beta (TRIF) pathway and, thus, are both capable of eliciting an antiviral response by stimulating type I interferon (IFN) pr...